Millions of students across twelve African countries have headed back to class as schools reopened after a six-month coronavirus lockdown. In Nigeria, nearly 40 million of them will now have to try to catch-up on missed schoolwork. But they will also return to a new set of rules as the government continues the struggle to stop the spread. Al Jazeera's Ahmed Idris reports from the capital, Abuja.
Monday, October 12, 2020
Video - Unicycling draws Nigerian youth from the streets
Unicycling is an unusual sport in Nigeria. But now youngsters are drawn to the sport, spending months and even years to master the balancing act. Here's Kelechi Emekalam with the report.
Nigeria dissolves controversial police unit accused of brutality
A controversial Nigerian police unit accused of brutality will be disbanded, following nationwide protests demanding an end to police violence in the country.
Nigeria's Inspector General of Police announced that the Special Anti-Robbery Squad, known as SARS, will be dissolved, according to a police statement.
"IGP M.A Adamu ... has today, 11th October, 2020, dissolved the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) across the 36 State Police Commands and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT)," a statement from police spokesman Frank Mba said.
All SARS officers are being redeployed with immediate effect, Mba added.
However, while the news was welcomed by jubilant protesters, they vowed to continue marching in their demands to end police brutality in all forms and make rogue officers accountable.
Before the decision to disband SARS was announced, one man died and several others were injured as police in Nigeria fired live ammunition and tear gas on young people protesting the unit.
The man has been named as Jimoh Isiaka and his death was confirmed by the governor of Oyo State, Seyi Makinde.
"I have received with deep sadness the news of the passing of one of our children, Jimoh Isiaka, who was shot during the ENDSARS protest in Ogbomoso," Makinde said on Saturday. "He later died at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso..." he added in the Twitter statement.
Five others were also injured in the state and taken to hospital, according to the governor.
Protesters in Nigeria's capital Abuja also reported that police were using water cannons and firing live ammunition during a march on Sunday afternoon.
The nationwide protests were a culmination of weeks of anger and outcry online by the country's young people over claims of kidnapping, harassment murder, and extortion by SARS.
The #EndSars hashtag has been trending worldwide since Friday and people in Nigeria have been using it to share videos and images of police using water cannons and tear gas to disperse protesters.
One woman who was at the Abuja march Saturday, where tear gas was also used, told CNN the protests were peaceful until police started firing at protesters.
Ndi Kato, 31, said: "No one threw anything or did anything wrong. No one was being belligerent, but the police kept threatening us."
Solidarity protests took place Sunday in the United Kingdom, led by the actor John Boyega, and in Washington DC, in the United States. Both countries have large Nigerian immigrant populations.
Amnesty International said it has documented 82 cases of police brutality in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020.
People detained by SARS have suffered torture methods including hanging, mock execution and sexual violence, according to Amnesty.
By Stephanie Busari
Thursday, October 8, 2020
New Nollywood film shines a light on human trafficking in Nigeria
Dressed in a transparent and colorful blouse, a sex worker in Lagos, the commercial center of Nigeria jumps out the window of a room at a party to avoid having sex with a potential customer.
She is seen, heels in her hand, running away from the party and eventually getting into a bus heading back to a brothel, where she lives with other sex workers.
These scenes are from the Netflix original film, "Oloture," in which we later find out that the sex worker, also named Oloture, is a Nigerian journalist who is undercover to expose sex trafficking in the country.
Every year, tens of thousands of people are trafficked from Nigeria, particularly Edo State in the nation's south, which has become one of Africa's largest departure points for irregular migration.
The International Organization for Migration (IMO) estimates that 91% victims trafficked from Nigeria are women, and their traffickers have sexually exploited more than half of them.
Through "Oloture," the difficult realities of these women, particularly those who are sexually exploited, come to light. It shows how they are recruited and trafficked overseas for commercial gain.
Directed by award-winning Nigerian filmmaker, Kenneth Gyang, the film features Nollywood actors including Sharon Ooja, Omoni Oboli and Blossom Chukwujekwu.
Mo Abudu, executive producer of "Oloture," told CNN that the crime drama was inspired by the numerous cases of trafficking around the world and in Nigeria.
"There have been many reports around the world highlighting human trafficking and modern slavery. It has been in our faces. I dug and dug and did a bit more research, and when I came across the numbers and saw how much was made annually from human trafficking, I was totally shocked," she said.
Human trafficking is a $150 billion global industry. And two-thirds of this figure is generated from sexual exploitation, according to a 2014 report by the International Labor Organization.
Abudu -- who is also CEO of EbonyLife Films, which produced "Oloture" -- added that the film mirrored some real-life reports by journalists who had gone undercover to expose sex trafficking patterns in the country.
One of them, she said, was a 2014 report by journalist Tobore Ovuorie, in the Nigerian newspaper, Premium Times.
"Upon research, we found that many journalists had gone undercover to report on human trafficking. But the Premium Times article did spark our interest as some of it plays out in the film," Abudu said.
Easy prey for traffickers
Ovuorie, whose report was credited in "Oloture," told CNN that women often get trafficked as a result of their need to make money abroad. Ovuorie said she met many women in the course of her reporting who wanted to get to Europe in hopes of better job opportunities that would earn them more money.
"People were motivated by greed, you know, the need to get rich. I spoke with the women I was supposed to be trafficked with, and many of them wanted better lives motivated by money. There was one girl who had never earned more than 50,000 naira (about $130) as salary since she graduated from university," she told CNN.
Most of the women were fleeing harsh economic conditions and poverty, making them easy prey for traffickers, Ovuorie said.
During Ovuorie's investigation, she said she posed as a sex worker on the streets of Lagos, looking to travel to Europe.
Her plan worked. She was eventually linked with a trafficker who promised to get her to Italy. In partnership with ZAM Chronicles and Premium Times, she documented her experience.
After a series of "humiliating trainings" and physical abuse, she said she was told she and other girls would receive a fake passport in preparation to be smuggled outside the country through the border in Benin in West Africa.
She escaped at the border.
Physical and sexual abuse
Many women who are trafficked in Nigeria face sexual, physical and mental abuse, according to a 2019 report by Human Rights Watch.
The rights group interviewed many women who said they were trafficked within and across national borders under life-threatening conditions as they were starved, raped and extorted.
On some occasions, according to the report, they were forced into prostitution where they were made to have abortions and coerced to have sex with customers when they were sick, menstruating or pregnant.
"Oloture" portrays some of these harsh realities as the lead character (played by Ooja) suffers sexual violence and physical abuse, including being whipped by one of her traffickers.
It was important to depict the reality of sex trafficking so viewers can understand the experiences of women who are forced into the trade, Gyang, the director, told CNN.
"I wanted people to know that this is the reality of these ladies. People always want closure but life is not about a Hollywood ending; you can't always get a happy ending," he said.
While directing the film, Gyang visited places with sex workers to get a better idea of how they live and work, he said.
"I actually went to places where we have sex workers in Lagos with one of the producers of the film. We wanted to really capture their lives so that we would be able to show it realistically in the movie. We talked to them, and some of the rooms we used in the movie were actually used previously by sex workers," he explained.
'The most impactful movie we have ever done'
The film was shot in 21 days towards the end of 2018, he said. Post-production was covered in 2019, and it was released Friday on Netflix.
In just days, it has become the top watched movie in Nigeria and is among the top 10 watched movies in the world on Netflix.
"It's huge for me as a filmmaker that people have access to the film from all over the world. I want many people as possible to see it and have conversations about sex trafficking," Gyang said.
The film is doing well in countries like Switzerland, Brazil, and South Africa because it is authentic and "deals with the truth," Abudu said.
"EbonyLife has done seven movies. But this is the most impactful one we have ever done. And the most important," Abudu said.
The National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP), the law enforcement agency in charge of combating human trafficking in Nigeria, wants the film to be made available to people in rural communities who don't have access to Netflix.
"I haven't seen the movie, but if it is trying to portray the ills and dangers of trafficking, then it's fine since that is going to raise awareness," Julie Okah-Donli, the director-general of the agency said.
And while she is happy that "Oloture" is shining the light on human trafficking, she told CNN that women mostly targeted by traffickers may not get to watch it.
"The people watching it on Netflix all know what trafficking is. It needs to go to those girls in rural communities where traffickers go to bring them from. Those are the girls that the awareness should go to," Okah-Donli said.
With more people partnering with NAPTIP and raising awareness of the dangers of trafficking, sex trafficking will be minimized in Nigeria, she said.
By Aisha Salaudeen
Related stories: Netflix Unveils Nigerian Original Series, Three Films
Gang charged with sex trafficking girls from Nigeria arrested in Italy
Netflix involvement in Nollywood
Video - Nigerian women trafficked to Europe for prostitution at 'crisis level'
Video - Nigerian short film Chuks premieres at Toronto International short Film Festival
Nigeria Looks To Ramp Up Its Oil Refining Capacity
Nigeria, Africa’s largest crude oil producer and exporter, expects to end its crude-for-fuel swap deals by 2023 when its refining capacity is set to increase with state refineries revamped and a new refinery built, Mele Kyari, Group Managing Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), said.
Nigerian refineries, which are in need of refurbishment, will be fully revamped and running by 2023, Nigeria’s ThisDay outlet reported, quoting Kyari as speaking at a virtual refiners’ conference this week. The private refinery of Nigerian billionaire Aliko Dangote is also expected to be operational by then, Kyari said.
“I don’t see an extension of that process in the near future as we progress and transit into more production locally. Our plan is to deliver all of them by 2023,” NNPC’s top executive said, referring to the crude-for-product swap deals.
Since 2016, Nigeria has been running the so-called Direct Sale of Crude Oil and Direct Purchase of Petroleum Products (DSDP) program with major oil traders and international oil companies, aimed at ensuring fuel which Africa’s biggest crude oil producer cannot process domestically.
At the same conference this week, NNPC’s Kyari said that “The outlook for Nigeria's downstream sector looks bright with attractive market conditions, large market, significant crude distillation capacity additions from various refinery projects, improvements of the distribution network & the use of natural gas.”
Related: Oil Majors Hit Hard By Canada's Energy Stock Selloff
“The rehabilitation exercise involves working with Globally Reputable Engineering Procurement and Construction Companies (EPCs) to revamp the existing refineries to operate at world-class capacity utilization levels,” he said.
Last month, Kyari said that NNPC was in talks to hand over the majority stakes in Nigeria’s four refineries, which are all in dire need of an upgrade.
Nigeria has four refineries, two in Port Harcourt, and one each in Warri and Kaduna, but all refineries are very old and in need of refurbishment. Over the past five years, utilization rates at those refineries haven’t exceeded 30 percent.
By Tsvetana Paraskova
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